Nail-cutting machine



, (No Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 1; J. COYNB.

I NAIL CUTTING MACHINE,

No. 250,346. Patented- Deo. 6,1881.

LIIILEEEES..

uns murunogmpm. wuningfan. n4 a (No Model.) 6 sheetssheet z.

J. COYNE.

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

10,250,346l Patented 1m. 6,1881.

- LILESSES.. IIUJEFDFL.

y. fr fama@ JM VM N. PUKRS. Phlvumognpher. wmninmen. n. c

(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. GOYNB. n

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

, Mm -Pa.tented Deo. 6,1881.

(No Model.) 6 sheets-#sheen 4.

J. GOYNE.

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.` No. 250,346. latented 1300.6,1-88-1.

N. PEYERS, PhnlerLilhagnpher. wuhingnm D. C.

(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 5. J. GOYNE. NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented 1366.631881.

@MMI

N. PETERS. Phelvumegnpher. wammgmmp. C.

6 Sheets- Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

J. COYNE. NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Deo. 6,1881.

IIL

N. PETERS. Phmlimngnpmr. washingmn. E4 c.

linnen STATES PATENT erica.

JOHN GOYNE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

NAIL-CUTTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,346, dated December6, 1881.

Application filed December 16, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, JOHN GoYNE, of Pittsburg,in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania,have invented a newand useful Improvement in Nail-Cutting Machines; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and'exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the improvement of that class of nail-cuttingmachines commonly known to the trade as the Reed 7 or American7 machine,in which the heading-lever is actuated by the cutting-lever; and itconsists in certain modifications and improvements of the several partsot' the machine.

The machine in common use for cutting nails has remained substantiallyunchanged for the past seventy years, and it is the object of myinvention to remedy certain defects in its construction and operation.

For greater clearness I will take up these various points seriatt'm,describing the prior construction of each detail and its faults, andthen describe my improved constructiomwhereby I remedy the defect. Inthis way the construction and operation ot' my improved machine will befully described.

1n the drawings, (six sheets,) Figures l and 2 are perspective views ot'my improved machine. Fig. 3 is a view ofthe three operative levers,illustrating their relative positions in the machine. Fig. 4L is a viewof the transverse arms of the griping-lever, partly in section, to showthe construction of one ofthe center bushings and itslubricating ports.Fig. 5 is a side view of the heading-lever, showing the attachment ofthe heading-die. Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the application to myimproved machine of a self-feeder actuating attachment. Fig.7 is asectional view, showing 4o theconnection ofthe pitman to the crank-pinof the long arm of the cutting-lever. Fig. S is a perspective view,showing the attachment of the nail-selector. Figs. 9 and 10 aresectional views of the friction-plates and their sockets. Fig. 1I is avertical longitudinal sectional dia gram ofthe machine on the linexxofFig. l2, illustratingthearrangementof the parts. Fig. 12 is a plandiagram.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

As heretofore constructed the heading-lever (No model.)

was in form like a long arch turning on an inwardly-projecting center orjournal at each end, the distance between which averaged abouttwenty-eight inches. The heading-die was placed at the centerof thearch, and power was communicated to the heading-lever from the short armof the cutting-lever workingvertically through a link against'aprojectinglug or horn on the back of the heading-lever. lhe objection tothis construction was that the strain of the work of heading the nail,coming on the heading-lever at the middle of its long arch, caused it tospring while upsetting the head, and thus prevented its delivering thefull strength ot' its blow at the instant it struck the nail-blank,andalso produced strain on all parts of the lever and its bearings, whichin time causedl breakage. Another defect was that4 the power to operatethe heading-lever was applied to it against a long horn or projection,extending upward and backward from it over the short arm ot' thecutting-lever by means, as stated, of a link extending up from thecutting-lever and bearing against the said horn. The distance betweenthe end of the heading-die and the point on the projection to which thepower was applied was comparatively great, and as the heading-lever inits movement described the arc of a circle struck from its centers, thepower was applied tangentially. The effect of the great distance betweenthe end of the heading-die and the point where the power was appliedthus tangentially caused another springing of the heading-lever, whichaided to produce the had effects mentioned, and also frequently causedthe breaking off of the horn or projection to which the power wasapplied.

Now, referring to the drawings, 1 represents the bed, and 2 theheading-lever, which has a short transverse arm, 3, havingbushing-chambers 4 in each end, in which the centers 5, upon which itvibrates, are placed. These centers 5 are placed inside of the bed, andthe average distance between them in thevvarious sizes of my machine istive inches. It is apparent that there can be no spring in the heavycastingin this distance. The centers 5 of the headinglever are situatedalmost directly below the griping-dies of the machine and directly underthat side of the dies against which thehead IOO of the nail is upset.The heading-die 6 is secured in a V-shaped recess, 7, in theheadinglever by means of a U-strap and set-screw 8, and the power isapplied to the lever from the short arm 9 of the cutting-lever 1() bymeans of a toggle, 11, working in hushed sockets 12. The toggle 11 bearsagainst the levers in a vertical plane, which,if continued, would bisectthe center of the heading-die 6. The toggle 11 is a single toggle, beinga short arm placed between the extremity of the short arm of thecutting-lever and the outward extremity of the heading-lever, and havinga bearing by ball-and-socket joint in each. When the machine is notoperating to head a nail, and the parts are in the position shown inFig. 1, the position of the toggle-arm 11 is (as shown in Fig.1)inclining downward and outward from the heading-lever to thecutting-lever. Now, as the forward extremity or short arm of thecutting-lever rises, its extremity traverses the path ofa circular arc,carrying with it one end of the toggle-arm 11, and in so doing turns itin its bearing in the griping-lever notonly, but also brings the shorttoggle-arm 1l to a horizontal position in line with the axis of theheadinglever, and by so doing communicates the necessary movement,hereinafter described, to the heading-lever, of decreasing rapidity andincreasing force.

The movement of the toggle is such as to cause the heading-die todeliver a nearly direct blow or thrust on the blank. As during theforward motion the toggle approaches a horizontal position, the power ofthe heading-lever increases, and the force chan ges from a blow toacrushing or compressive one, and effects not only the simple upsettingbut also the compacting or compression of the end of the blank,producing an exceedingly strong, compact, and polished head. The blow isalso easier on the griping-dies, being, as it were, cushioned, themovement ofthe die decreasing in velocity and increasing in power asitapproaches the end of its stroke, and completes the upsetting andcompression ofthe head. The power being applied directly t0 the leveritself at a point comparatively near to the end of the heading-die, nospring of the lever in this particular occurs, and the danger ofbreakage is reduced to aremote contingency.

As heretofore generally used, the gripin glever was straight, extendingin a right line across the bed of the machine, and the heading-leverextended up over it bythe long arch I have mentioned, passing under thecuttinglever which was arched upward at the right side of thecutting-dies, to permit its passage. I form my griping-lever withadiagonal archthat is, an arch which extends both upward and backward.The purpose of this is to permit the placing of the short journaledheading-lever 2 in the position described, in the middle of the bedunder the griping-dies, so as to have a direct and unyielding action onthe blank. .Another advantage of this construction is that An- 7o weightof the frame ot' the machine, and ena- 75 bles more machines to beplaced in'a given space.` This is a very important point.

In the prior machine referred to the outer end of the heading-lever wasjournaled outside of the bed-plate. A The stationary tools of 8o themachine were mounted in a heavy solid. stationary head, 46, on thebed-plate, and the heading-lever was parallel thereto, and when at thelimit of its stroke came into close proximity to it. ,The result of thiswas thatif a piece of scrap or other hard substance fell down betweenthe stationary head and the heading-lever, the latter was almostinvariably broken. The space between these two parts averaged aboutthree-sixteenths of an inch, and

this was a fruitful cause of breakage. In 1ny machine, the heading-leverbeing arranged and journaled within the bed and under the griping-dies,this dangeris completely obviated.

To prevent the nails as they fall from the dies from getting between theend of the transverse arm of the heading-lever and the bedplate 1, Ichamber out-the bed-plate, as at 28, Fig. 11, and enter the short end ofthe transverse arm 3 into it, so that it shall act as a :no

shield and close the vertical space between the two parts eifectually tothe falling nail. The

lresult of the nails getting in there might be to wedge theheading-lever, and by preventing its retraction cause the heading-die tobe struck by the moving knife.

I form a lug, 14, Figs. 3 and 11, on the back side of the transverse arm3 of the heading-lever 2, which serves the double purpose of affording abearing for the spring 15, which, 1ro

pressing down on the said lug, retracts the lever, and of striking thepin 16, which communicates a vibration to the nail-assorter. The spring15 is attached to the bed at 90, Fig. 12,

directly under the right-hand center, 5, ofthe cutting-lever.

' I form my cutting-lever 10 with a regular, or nearly regular,transverse arch between its centers 5, instead of the irregular arch atthe right side of the moving knife of the prior construc- 12o tionreferred to, and the result is that its rigidity is increased, the totallength of the lever is shortened, and a saving of material effected.

The power to operate the cutting-lever, and

through its short arm 9 the heading-lever, is 125 communicated from thepower-shaft 20 to the., long arm 17 of the cutting-lever by ieans of thecrank-pin 13 and pitman 19, attached to wrist 18 on the long arm 17 ofthe cuttinglever.

1n the prior machine referred to the journalbrasses were flush with thefaces of the pitman, and the effect of this was that the entire Yside ofthe-pitman-brasschambers 21 bore against the face of the crank-disk 22and lever .17, producing great friction, wear, and loss of power. I makemy brasses 23 with a flange, 24, at one end, and provide the chamber 21with a recess, 25, at its inner end, of such depth,

duced to a minimum.

In the prior construction referred to the .thrust of the link whichcommunicates the power from the cutting-lever to the headinglever isvertical, while the movement of the.

heading-lever is -in the arc of a circle. The result is that the bushingof the right-hand center of the cutting-lever is Worn oblong, whichtends to disalign the cutting-lever, de-

stroys the accuracy of the bearing of the righthand center in itsbushing, produces shackly motion, and therebyimpairs the accuracy ofthemachine and increases the wear of its parts. In my machine the force ofthe toggle is nearly in a line with the right-hand center of thecutting-lever, instead of at right angles thereto, and this causes aneven Wear of the bushing and obviates the evils mentioned.

In said priormachinetheliiik wasnot bushetl, and rapid wear was theresult. In my machine I provide the sockets 12 of the toggle l1 withbushings of any suitable material, (preferably phosphor-bronze,) which,being replaceable when Worn, will save the wearing and consequentdestruction of the lever-castings and reduce the friction of themachine.

Each lever is provided with female conical center bushings, 29, in whichthe conical centers 5 have their bearing. In the old machine thesebushings were lubricated by an oil-hole bored transversely through theside of the lever and bushing into the center; but owing to the closecontact of the center with its bush, little, if any, of the oil got in,and the lubrication Was very imperfect. In a short time the Wearresultingfrom the excessive friction would loosen the bush and permit itto turn in its chamber, and thereby close the oil-hole and shut off thesupply of oil completely.

I construct the bushing-chamber 4 deeper than the bushing 29 and providethe bushing with several (preferably three) holes, 31, extendinglongitudinally from its smaller or inner end to and opening into theconical` seat 32. I also make an oil-hole, 33, through the hole 33. Theoil passes from the oil-chamber 34, through the holes 31, to the conicalend of the center 5 and lubricates it perfectly, thereby diminishingfriction, heating, and wear. As the bearing of the center 5 ishorizontal, the central hole, 29X, would not suffice to furnish oil forlubrication, especially as the conical extremity of the center 5 hasvery little m0- tion. To overcome this difficulty I make three ports,3l, to one side of the center of the bushing, through which the oilenters from the oilspace in rear of the bushing, which is left by thetaper of the conical bushing, preventing its passing down to the bottomof lthe recess made to receive it. The central hole, 29)?, is,therefore, not designed to serve as an oil-port, but is tapped with ascrew-thread for the purpose ofinserting a tool with a screw on itsextremity to extract the bushing When it is desired to remove it.

In all prior machines having the fly or balance wheel fixed outside ofthe left-hand sustaining post or upright, 36, the Weight of this wheelrotating in this position, added to the pull of the belt,which inAmerican practice is invariably downward,tends to Wear down the journalnext to the fly-wheel faster than the opposite one.' The disalignment ofthe shaft 20 thus produced caused a heating of the crankpin 13 byiinpairing its parallel bearing in the pitinan 19, and made thecrank-disk 22 sometimes to rub against the. pitman 19, necessitatingsuch play in the bearings 23 as to greatly impair the efficiency of themachine. To overcome these difticulties I have located the flywheel 35inside the support 36 and moved the rear arm, 37, of the griping-levermore to the middleof the shaft2() and indirect line with the work. Bythis arrangement I maintain a perfect alignment of thev shaft, applyingthe momentum or impulse of the balance-Wheel directly to the workinstead of at one side of it, as heretofore.

In the prior machine the griping-lever is retracted or caused to followits operative cam bythe aid of a spiral or leaf spring. 1n either casethe spring exerts a pressure on the cam during the time of the gripingof the nail of from ,two hundred to five hundred pounds. This pressureor load is in addition to the legitimate load of the machine, and as thedisvtance through which the lover is lifted will average about sixinches and thel number of times about two hundred and fifty per minute,the waste of power is considerable, and the machine is worn by theunnecessary friction. The springdoes not retract the lever as promptlyas the cam leaves it, which causes a pounding of the griping-lever onthe cani. This pounding and resultant vibration in time crystallize theiron and cause the shaft and lever to break. These various difculties Ihave overcome in my machine by yoking the rear arm, 37, of thegriping-le'ver to the cam 38, as shown in Fig. 9, so that thegriping-lever, after being brought into action by its cam and re- IOOIOS

IIS

tained in that position while the nail-blank is being held by thegripers, is withdrawn by a sudden and positive motion, yet without jar,at the moment that the movable cutter has severed the blank. The yoke 39is a band of iron, steel, or other suitable material ot' sufcientrigidity to secure the proper definite action of the griping-lever,although absolute rigidity is not necessary. The shape of this cam-yokeis an irregular ellipsoidal curve of such contour thatthe cam begins tobear against the yoke at the moment (shown in Fig. 9) when theregularly-curved portion of the cam-face, which is farthest from thecenter of motion, ceases to bear against the friction-plate, andimmediatelywithdrawsthegriping-lever. This contact of the canryoke andcam continues and operates to draw back the lever with a steady butrapid motion until the cam again commences to bear against thefriction-plate to raise the lever, and operates the same,whether themachine is run backward or forward.

I have been th us particular in describing this device,as I have beenunable in any other way to effect the retraction of the griping-lever'without the pounding action before referred to, which has hitherto beencharacteristic of nail-cuttin g machinery of the class referred to.

The friction-plate 40, which is embraced by the cam-yoke 39 and bears onthe cam 38, is of novel construction. It is placed in a slot or socket,41, which, being longer than it is, permits of its adjustment by meansof a setscrew. 42, and liners 43. This enables it to be moved forward orbackward in the slot4l just as it may be desired to have it receive thestroke ofthe cam 38 sooner or later. It may, if desired, be made in twopieces, as shown at 44, Fig. 10, and then by inserting a liner, 43,between the two pieces it can be caused to bear longer on the cam, andthus not leave it so soon. The free ends ot' the yoke 39 are turned overat right angles on the upper part of the friction-plate, for the purposeot' taking up any play that may exist between the yoke and the cam, asshown in Fig. 9.

The stationary head or tool-box in the prior machine has the sides, inwhich the set-screws are located, very frequently broken off. This wasowing to a weakness in the casting which was caused by this partremaining Huid the longest, or being the last part of the casting tocool. The parts first or most quickly cooled possess the greateststrength. I secure the rapid cooling ofthe stationary head 46 in mymachine by locating' a large core in this part, forming a large cavity,30, Fig. 11, in the casting. This reduces the amount of meta-l and atthe same time obtains greater tenacity, solidity, and strength in thispart than could be obtained if it was cast a solid mass, as heretofore.The breaking of this part often leads to an expense of from seventy-tive dollars to two hundred dollars per machine, withoutcounting theloss of time, which is generally over a week.

In the prior machine various caps and other contrivances have been usedto advance the centers of the levers; but these devices are cumbersomeand inconvenient, necessitating sev,- eral bolts and scrap, wood, orother packing to keep them in position. To overcome this ditculty I haveconstructed a cap, 47, held to the bed-plate with a collar-bolt, 48, andwith a set-screw, 49, to advance the center. When the center is to bewithdrawn from the machine it is only necessary to slack the collar-boltand the cap will swing completely out of the Way. This device iscomplete, convenient, and effective.

The nipper-cam/S)I works against duplicate friction-plates 83, Fig. ll,similar to the friction-plates 44, Fig. '10. These friction-plates 83are placed in the end of the nipper rockshaft 84 and bear against thecam S2. These parts operate in the usual way.

In the prior construction referred to a small set-screw was inserted inthe forehead of .the cutting-lever opposite tothe center-of thegageslot, for the purpose of limiting the forward advance of thespring-gage or carrier-guide, which regulated the iced of the. machine.In this position this set-screw was an obstruction and necessitated thelocation ot' the moving knife-screw over the corner of the knife insteadof over its center. I have overcome this diculty by the constructionshown in Fig. 6, in which the spring-gage 5() is pivoted in thegage-slot 5l' by a screwclamp,52,in the crosshead 53. The point 54 ofthe gage 5U comes just under the edge of the knife 55, which is alwaysfed or set to the gage. The gage is held forward by the spring 56, whichis inserted in the slot 5I back of it. The backward movement of the gageis limited by the screw 57, and itsforward movement by the screw 58, bythe latter of which I am enabled to bring the point 54 of the gage flushwith the front side of the knife 55. The gage may be adjusted verticallyin the slot by means of the screw-clamp 52. I prefer to use a lock-nuton the screw 5S, to guard against accidental movement.

` In the use of the machine the nail-plate 59 is fed against the pointof the spring-gage, as shown in Fig. 6, and this causes the gage 'to bepressed back until it comes in contact with the screw 57, which isproperly adjusted to secure the required width of nail, and then themoving knife descends and makes its cut. The cut blank is held by thespring-gage against the tools in the stationary head 46 (at the point 60in Fig. 1I) as the knife 55 pushes it down into the griping-dies, andfor this reason the gage is also called a carrier-guide. The movingknife 55 is adjusted in the head by means of the adjusting-screw 61.

Great difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making effectiveattachments of self- IOO lIO

feeding devices to the former construction of 13o nail-machines. I haveconstructed my Inachine with special reference to this feature.

When itis desired to make such an attachment I place an oscillating armor rock-shaft, 62, beneath the bed-plate l and fulcrum it in suitablejournals in lugs 63, cast on the bedplate near the center of themachine. The rear end of the rock-shaft 62is connected by a pitman, 64,or other suitable device, to a crank-shaft, 65, rotatingin journals 66,situated in the base of the main-shaft supports 36. The shaft receivesits motion from a toothed gear-wheel, 67, placed on the main shaft 20,between the belt-pulley 68 and the post or upright 36. It has agear-wheel, 69, of double the diameter and number ot' teeth ofthegearwheel 67, so that the crank-shaft 65, which actuates the self-feederrock-shaft, shall only make one-haltl the number of revolutions that themain shaft does. The forward end ofthe rock-shaft 62 is to be connectedby a ball-andsocket or other suitable joint, 70, to a pitman, 71, orother suitable connection to the selffeeding device.

The purpose of my above construction is to furnish a simple, effective,and reliable power attachment for the feeder. The feeder requires to beturned over in order to turn the nailplate 59 one-half a revolution atevery stroke of the knife 55, and it is caused to be so turned on theupstrolie of the pitman 71, and then turned back again at thedownstroke. Thus one oscillation of the rock-shaft 62 supplies theproper power to turn the nail-plate over and back, and enable it to beproperly presented lto the knife 55 at two consecutive strokes of saidknife, and for this reason the crank-shaft 65 is required to make onlyone revolution while the main shaft 20 is making two revolutions.

I do not represent any self-feeding device in this application, butmerely show a power attachment which will enable any one of anumber ofknown self-feeding devices to be applied to the machine.

The journals of the self-feeder crank-shaft 66 are held down by aconical-pointed binding-screw, 82, (see Fig. 11,) placed in thestandards or housing, and bearing on the upper brass, S3, thereby doingaway with journalcaps. In case the screw S2 is put in horizontally, thetop of the brass S3 should be inclined or beveled to produce the sameresult. The said screw may be inserted vertically from below and bear onthe lower brass, but in all cases it passes through the housings.

I have also devised improved means of attachin g the nail-separator andits agitating device to the machine.A I attach by a suitable bolt, 72,tothe under side of the machine a bracket, 73, havingr a suitablegrooved face,in which, by means of the clamp 74, I fasten thesupporting-rods 7 5 of the separator 76. The agitator 77 is supported byanother bracket, 78, in which it is loosely pivoted, being fastened by aset-screw, 7 9. The other end rests loosely in the angle-socket 80 onthe rear end of the vibrating rod of the separator. rEhe agitatorreceives its motion through the vertical rod 16, which, projecting -intothe path of the heading-lever 2, is struck by the under side of the lug14, Fig. 11, and communicates the jar so received to the separator. Therod 16 is fastened to the rod 77 by aright--angled joint, 81, which isadjustable and can-be set in any position on the rod 77. Thisconstruction of the attachmentdevices is more convenient and out of theway than that heretofore used, and renders the operation of theseparator more perfect, as it secures to it the full benefit of thejarofthe nail-machine.

What I claim as my invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isthe following-described improvements in that class of cut-nail machinesin which the cutting-lever actuates the heading-lever, viz:

1. The arrangement of a diagonally-arched griping-lever, with a heading-lever pivoted centrally below the griping-dies, so as to operate withinthe diagonal arch of the griping-lever, substantially as described, forthe purpose of securing rigidity and certainty of action of theheading-lever and greater compactness 0f construction.

2. The single toggle-arm 11, seated by balland-socketjoints in andbetween the extremity of the short arm of the cutting-lever and theextremity of the heading-lever at an angle to the axis of the latter, sothat when the short arm of the former is raised it communicates arapidly-decreasing movement to the headinglever by bringing thetoggle-arm in line with the axis of the heading-lever, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination of a heading-lever having a short transverse arm, atoggle for communicating a forward movement to said lever,

a lug on the transverse arm of the lever, and a spring bearing on saidlug for retracting the lever, substantially as described.

4:. rlhe combination,with the arm of the griping-lever and cam foroperating the same, of the divided bearing composed of the cam-frictionplates adjustable to and from each other tovary the length of time ofcontact between the cam and griping-lever, substantially as specified.

5. The combination of the rear arm of the griping-lever and the cam 38on the main shaft with an ellipsoidal cam-yoke, constructedsubstantially as shown, for the purpose of communicating the peculiarrequired intermittent motion to the lever, substantially as described.

6. In the combination of a moving cutter having spring-gage pivoted inits rear, an adjusting-screw to the cutter, and a stop device to limitthe forward movement of the gage, the arrangement of the stopdevice`back of the gage so as to permit of the location of theadjusting-screw centrally to the cutter, substantially as described.

7. The arrangement, in a cut-nail machine, of a rock-shaft pivoted belowthe bed for communicating power to a self-feeding device, and

IOO

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operated by powerfrom the main shaftthrough the nail-separating device,substantiaiily as de- [o the medium of shafting and gearing,substanscribed. tiaily as and for the purpose described. In testimonyWhereot'I have hereunto setrny 8. In combination with a cut-nailmachine, hand. 5 the bracket 73, for sustaining` and connecting anail-separating device, substantially as de- JOHN COYNL" scribed.Witnesses:

9. In combination with a. cut-nail machine; rI. B. KEER, the bracket 78,for sustaining the agitator of T. W. BAKEWELL.

